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Roger David Casement ((アイルランド語:Ruairí Dáithí Mac Easmainn); 1 September 1864 – 3 August 1916) known as Sir Roger Casement CMG between 1911 and shortly before his execution for treason, when he was stripped of his knighthood was an Anglo-Irish diplomat for the United Kingdom, a humanitarian activist, Irish nationalist and a poet. Described as the "father of twentieth-century human rights investigations," he was awarded honours in 1905 for the Casement Report on the Congo and knighted in 1911 for his important investigations of human rights abuses in Peru. He then made efforts during World War I to gain German military aid for the 1916 Easter Rising which sought to gain Irish independence. In Africa as a young man, Casement first worked for commercial interests before joining the British Colonial Service. In 1891 he was appointed as a British consul, a profession he followed for more than 20 years. Influenced by the Boer War and his investigation into colonial atrocities against indigenous peoples, Casement developed anti-imperialist opinions. After retiring from the consular service in 1913, he became more involved with the Irish Republican and separatist movement. He sought to obtain German support and weapons for an armed rebellion in Ireland against British rule during the Great War. He was arrested, convicted and executed for treason. Before the trial, the government circulated excerpts from his private journals, known as the ''Black Diaries,'' which detailed homosexual activities. Given prevailing views and existing laws on homosexuality, this material undermined support for clemency for Casement. Debates have continued about these diaries: a forensic study concluded in 2002 that Casement had written them, but interpretations differ as to their meaning in his life. ==Early life and education== Roger Casement was born near Dublin to an Anglo-Irish family, living in very early childhood at Doyle's Cottage, Lawson Terrace, Sandycove. His father, Captain Roger Casement of (The King’s Own) Regiment of Dragoons, was the son of a bankrupt Belfast shipping merchant (Hugh Casement), who later moved to Australia. Captain Casement had served in the 1842 Afghan campaign. He traveled to Europe to fight as a volunteer in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 but arrived after the Surrender at Világos. He had the children brought up as Protestants, as he and his wife were. Roger's mother was Anne Jephson (or Jepson) of a Dublin Anglican family. After the family moved to England, she had the boy at the age of three secretly baptised as a Roman Catholic in Rhyl, Wales.〔Angus Mitchell, ''Casement'', Haus Publishing, 2003 p.11.〕〔Brian Inglis (1974, op cit.) commented at p.115 that "..although she allowed the children to be brought up as Protestants, she had them baptised 'conditionally' when Roger was four years old."〕 According to an 1892 letter, Casement believed that his mother was descended from the Jephson family of Mallow, County Cork.〔Sawyer R. ''Casement the Flawed Hero'' (Routledge, London 1984), quoted at pp. 4-5. ISBN 0-7102-0013-7〕 However, the Jephson family's historian provides no evidence of this.〔Maurice Denham Jephson, ''An Anglo-Irish Miscellany'', Allen Figgis, Dublin 1964〕 The family lived in England in Worthing in a kind of genteel poverty; the mother Anne died when Roger was nine. They returned to Ireland, to County Antrim in Ulster to live near paternal relatives. By the time Casement was 13 years old, his father died, having ended his days in Ballymena dependent on the charity of relatives. After his father's death, Roger and his brother Tom were looked after by paternal relatives in County Antrim, the Youngs of Galgorm Castle in Ballymena and the Casements of nearby Magherintemple House. He was educated at the Diocesan School, Ballymena (later the Ballymena Academy). He left school at the age of 16 and went to England for work. There he took a clerical job with Elder Dempster, a Liverpool shipping company headed by Alfred Lewis Jones.〔Seamas O Siochain, ''Roger Casement, Imperialist, Rebel, Revolutionary'', Lilliput Press, 2008, p.15. ISBN 978-1843510215〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roger Casement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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